No one buries treasures in a place without history. Finding a place with history is key in exploring. Things change; that’s what makes them interesting.
Chinatown, like most of Manhattan, thrived on change. What fed this change were the immigrants who called the area home. Just north of the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam in the 1600s, Chinatown was originally a Native American settlement known as Werpoes Hills. It was located by a pond, which became to be known as Collect Pond. The Dutch used to picnic here and go ice skating.
The first immigrants to this area were the freed African Americans. Tanners and Candle makers set up shop in the area since it was located between the harbor and a pond. Collect Pond began to “collect” a certain stench from waste of the industries around it and a canal was dug to alleviate the problem. The Canal was soon covered and turned into a street, aptly named Canal Street. Collect Pond was covered with the dirt from the canal.
The colony of African Americans began to move further north and in came the Irish immigrants. They were fleeing the famine in Ireland and worked menial jobs in their new city. The land fill over Collect Pond began to sink and smell bad, creating a poverty striken neighborhood. Known as “Five Points,” due to the five streets that intersected there, the area became infamous for its gangs and murders.
The Germans settled to the East of the area. The next immigrants were the Jews, Greeks and Italians. They built synagogues, restaurants, and homes.
Many Chinese immigrants flooded San Francisco and the Califonia coast to work on the building of the transcontinental railroad. Non-Chinese in the area feared for their jobs and enacted laws to restict their immigration. Once the railroad was completed, the Chinese left California and traveled cross country to New York in hopes of a more peaceful environment.
But the laws grew even stricter, banning wives and children of Chinese immigrates. This created a “bachelor society” filled with plenty of leisure activities. These included theatres, opium dens, and gambling rings.
“Tongs,” which were merchant or trade organizations, began to rise in power. They protected their members commercially and personally. These tongs developed territories and supported themselves with gambling houses.
The 1960s saw a huge Chinese immigration due to changes in law. Women and children could now come to the States. The tongs became more powerful and recruited younger. They also became more violent.
However, reform efforts at end of 1990s stopped violent nature of the tongs.
Chinatown is filled mostly with a Chinese population, however more and more immigrants from surrounding Asian countries have made the area home. Sixty percent of the population is foreign born. Restaurants, jewelry stores, banks, fabric stores, green grocery stands, and fish markets are all major businesses in the area today.
Today, tourists come to the area to eat Chinese food shop for fake purses, watches, and perfumes on Canal Street.
Beneath that layer, lay the treasures of the past – the still standing synagogues and the old tea parlors – and the treasures of today – the off the main road restaurants, the alternative medicine stores, and the Chinese bakeries.